Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

8.1K
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
8.1K
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

3.7K
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
3.7K
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

8.1K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
8.1K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

6.9K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
6.9K
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

12.4K
Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
12.4K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

7.2K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
7.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correlation between miR-126 expression and DNA hypomethylation of CD4+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

International journal of clinical and experimental pathology·2015
Same author

Fok I cleavage-inhibition strategy for the specific and accurate detection of transcription factors.

Talanta·2015
Same author

Suppressor of Ty homolog-5, a novel tumor-specific human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter-binding protein and activator in colon cancer cells.

Oncotarget·2015
Same author

Generation of trapezoidal illumination for the step-and-scan lithographic system.

Applied optics·2015
Same author

p53 controls colorectal cancer cell invasion by inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated activation of Fascin.

Oncotarget·2015
Same author

Determination of the incommensurate modulated structure of Bi(2)Sr(1.6)La(0.4)CuO(6+δ) by aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy.

Ultramicroscopy·2015
Same journal

Deep learning in tumour genomics: from multi-omics integration to precision oncology.

Open biology·2026
Same journal

Understanding GnRH: local systems, signalling mechanisms and implications in female health.

Open biology·2026
Same journal

The evolution and functional significance of neuropeptide cocktails: insights from SALMFamides in asteroid echinoderms.

Open biology·2026
Same journal

Structural basis of Drosophila insulin receptor activation by DILP2 hormone.

Open biology·2026
Same journal

Parental rearing shapes brain functional networks and socio-sexual behaviours in the prairie vole.

Open biology·2026
Same journal

The periosteum as an endocrine organ: historical foundations and new insights.

Open biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches
05:56

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches

Published on: October 13, 2022

1.5K

SUMOylation modification-mediated cell death.

Zenghua Sheng1, Jing Zhu1, Ya-Nan Deng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.

Open Biology
|July 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

SUMOylation, a protein modification, regulates cell death processes like apoptosis and autophagy. Its role varies with cell context, offering potential for new disease therapies targeting SUMOylation.

Keywords:
GPX4SUMOylationcell deathferroptosis

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: THP-1 Macrophage Response to LPS/ATP — Unveiling the Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Spectrum
06:12

Author Spotlight: THP-1 Macrophage Response to LPS/ATP — Unveiling the Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Spectrum

Published on: May 3, 2024

2.6K
In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity
09:45

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity

Published on: January 29, 2018

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches
05:56

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches

Published on: October 13, 2022

1.5K
Author Spotlight: THP-1 Macrophage Response to LPS/ATP — Unveiling the Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Spectrum
06:12

Author Spotlight: THP-1 Macrophage Response to LPS/ATP — Unveiling the Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Spectrum

Published on: May 3, 2024

2.6K
In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity
09:45

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity

Published on: January 29, 2018

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • SUMOylation is a dynamic post-translational modification involving the conjugation of SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) molecules to substrate proteins.
  • This modification is crucial in regulating various cellular processes, notably cellular death pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between SUMOylation events and distinct cellular death mechanisms.
  • To explore the potential involvement of SUMOylation in ferroptosis and identify key regulatory factors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on SUMOylation and cellular death.
  • Analysis of studies investigating SUMOylation's impact on apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, and pyroptosis.
  • Discussion of emerging evidence regarding SUMOylation in ferroptosis.

Main Results:

  • SUMOylation acts as a key regulator, both positively and negatively, in apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, and pyroptosis.
  • The specific outcome of SUMOylation depends on factors like SUMO isoforms, disease context, substrate proteins, and cellular environment.
  • A potential role for SUMOylated GPX4 in regulating ferroptosis is proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the SUMOylation network in cellular death is critical for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
  • SUMOylation modification presents a promising avenue for novel treatments in various diseases.
  • Further research into SUMOylation's role in ferroptosis is warranted.