Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

249
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
249
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

166
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
166
Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

186
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
186
Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

28.5K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
28.5K
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

502
Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
502
Hallucinogens and Psychedelics01:27

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics

348
Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains...
348

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dosimetric Predictors of Problematic Receptive Anal Intercourse After Prostate Radiation Therapy.

Advances in radiation oncology·2026
Same author

In Reply to DeLaney.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same author

Dosimetric Correlates of Acute Toxicities for Moderate Hypofractionated Whole-Breast Irradiation: Implications for ASTRO Planning Guidelines.

Advances in radiation oncology·2026
Same author

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome secondary to an unilateral cervical rib in a poodle mix.

Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2026
Same author

Empirical oral AntibioticS for possible UTI in well appearing Young febrile infants (EASY).

NIHR open research·2026
Same author

Reirradiation Collaborative Group (ReCOG) consensus on standards for dose evaluation and reporting in patients with multiple courses of radiation therapy: an AAPM/ACRO/ASTRO/CARO/COMP/CADRA/CPQR/ESTRO/NRG-endorsed consensus statement.

The Lancet. Oncology·2026
Same journal

High-impact Genetic Variants in <i>EGLN1</i>, <i>EPAS1</i>, and Other Genes Identified in Mountaineers by Exome Sequencing.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
Same journal

Review of Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Developments in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
Same journal

The Genetic Feasibility of Gonadal Development and Fertility in Polyodon-Acipenserid Interfamilial Hybrids: An Opinion on the Chromosomal Basis.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
Same journal

Glut1 Acts in Corazonin-Producing Neurons to Regulate Glycogen Storage in <i>Drosophila</i>.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
Same journal

The Evaluation of Neurotrophic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (NTRK) Alterations in Neuroblastomas.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
Same journal

Molecular Characterization of the Epstein-Barr Virus in Malignant Tumors of Different Origins: An Emphasis on <i>EBER</i> Promoter Value for EBV Classification.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

5.8K

Empty names, hallucinations, and semantics.

Fred Adams1, Andrew Jackson1

  • 1Department of Linguistics & Cognitive Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar Edition)
|July 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores how direct reference theory explains intentional actions and hallucinations involving empty names, offering a novel account for these complex cognitive phenomena.

Keywords:
Empty namesExperiential contentHallucinationsHallucinatory experienceReferenceThought content

More Related Videos

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.6K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

5.8K
Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.6K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.5K

Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Theories of names and reference have a long history.
  • Hallucinatory experiences and thoughts present unique challenges for understanding intentionality.
  • Empty names, referring to non-existent entities, complicate theories of reference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the problem space at the intersection of hallucinations and empty names.
  • To defend a direct reference theory of names.
  • To apply this theory to explain intentional behavior in cases of hallucination involving empty names.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of theories of names.
  • Selection and defense of a direct reference theory.
  • Application of the chosen theory to specific cases of hallucination and empty names.
  • Critical evaluation of alternative theories.

Main Results:

  • A direct reference theory can successfully account for intentional behavior involving empty names during hallucinatory experiences.
  • The proposed theory provides a framework for understanding how individuals can act intentionally with respect to non-existent entities.
  • Alternative theories face challenges in explaining these specific cognitive phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • Direct reference theory offers a robust explanation for intentionality in hallucination involving empty names.
  • The paper provides a novel framework for analyzing the relationship between perception, thought, and reference.
  • Further research can explore the implications of this theory for other cognitive anomalies.