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Study on association between height, weight, iodine supplementation and thyroid volume.

Lanchun Liu1, Lixiang Liu1, Ming Li1

  • 1Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province (23618504), Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150081, People's Republic of China.

The British Journal of Nutrition
|July 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) reduced thyroid volume (TVOL) in children. However, increased height and weight also raise TVOL, with these effects masked by USI. Age, weight, and salt iodine levels significantly impact TVOL.

Keywords:
HeightIodineIodised saltThyroid volumeWeight

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Growth and Development

Background:

  • Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) is a public health strategy to combat iodine deficiency disorders.
  • Improved child nutrition leads to increased height and weight, potentially influencing thyroid volume (TVOL).
  • The interplay between USI, child growth, and TVOL requires clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the association between children's height, weight, iodine supplementation, and thyroid volume (TVOL).
  • To determine if USI-induced TVOL reduction conceals the impact of increased height and weight on TVOL.
  • To identify key factors influencing TVOL in children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from five national Iodine Deficiency Disorder surveys, matched into four pairs.
  • Employed a 1:1 random pairing method to match counties or individuals for analysis.
  • Compared TVOL across different height, weight, and iodine supplementation groups, and analyzed associations.

Main Results:

  • Between 2002 and 2019, mean height and weight of 8-10-year-olds increased, while median TVOL decreased.
  • Excluding iodine's effect revealed that increased height and weight correlated with higher median TVOL.
  • After accounting for height and weight, median TVOL remained decreased, with age, weight, and salt iodine being significant predictors.

Conclusions:

  • Increased child height and weight, indicators of improved nutrition, are associated with larger thyroid volumes.
  • The thyroid volume-reducing effect of iodised salt policies may mask the TVOL-increasing influence of better child growth.
  • Age, body weight, and salt iodine concentration are significant determinants of thyroid volume in children.