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Acute bronchiolitis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Patricia Flores-Pérez1, Nathalia Gerig2, Mª Isabel Cabrera-López1
1Pediatric Department, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.
Summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic, bronchiolitis epidemics significantly decreased. SARS-CoV-2 rarely caused acute bronchiolitis and was not associated with severe illness, unlike rhinovirus.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
Background:
- Bronchiolitis epidemics typically peak in autumn and winter.
- The COVID-19 pandemic coincided with a near-disappearance of these seasonal epidemics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize acute bronchiolitis cases during Q4 2020.
- To investigate the role of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric bronchiolitis during the pandemic.
Main Methods:
- Prospective, multi-center study in Madrid, Spain (October-December 2020).
- Inclusion of all children hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis.
- Collection of clinical data and multiplex PCR for respiratory virus identification.
Main Results:
- 33 children hospitalized with bronchiolitis; 28 rhinovirus (RV), 4 SARS-CoV-2, 1 co-infection.
- SARS-CoV-2 bronchiolitis cases showed comparable severity to RV but shorter hospital stays.
- A significant reduction in overall bronchiolitis admissions was observed; no Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) detected.
Conclusions:
- SARS-CoV-2 is an infrequent cause of acute bronchiolitis and does not typically lead to severe clinical outcomes.
- The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a substantial decrease in pediatric bronchiolitis hospitalizations.
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