Effect of dapagliflozin on diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease via MAPK signalling pathway

Clinical studies have shown that dapagliflozin can reduce cardiovascular outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the exact mechanism is unclear. In this study, we used the molecular docking and network pharmacology methods to explore the potential mechanism of dapagliflozin on T2DM complicated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Dapagliflozin's potential targets were predicted via the Swiss Target Prediction platform. The pathogenic targets of T2DM and CVD were screened by the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and Gene Cards databases. The common targets of dapagliflozin, T2DM and CVD were used to establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network; the potential protein functional modules in the PPI network were found out by MCODE. Metascape tool was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. A potential protein functional module with the best score was obtained from the PPI network and 9 targets in the protein functional module all showed good binding properties when docking with dapagliflozin. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the underlying mechanism mainly involved AGE-RAGE signalling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signalling pathway and MAPK signalling pathway. Significantly, the MAPK signalling pathway was considered as the key pathway. In conclusion, we speculated that dapagliflozin played a therapeutic role in T2DM complicated with CVD mainly through MAPK signalling pathway. This study preliminarily reveals the possible mechanism of dapagliflozin in the treatment of T2DM complicated with CVD and provides a theoretical basis for future clinical research.