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Laboratory and demographic findings among patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a review
Atefeh Mir1, Khadijeh Kalan Farmanfarma2, Hamid Salehiniya3
1Clinical Research Center of Sabzevar Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar. atefe.mirr@gmail.com.
Insights
This study analyzed laboratory and demographic data from COVID-19 patients worldwide. Key findings include altered lymphocyte counts and elevated C-reactive protein, suggesting organ damage and aiding diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Pathology
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a significant global health threat.
- Understanding laboratory and demographic findings is crucial for COVID-19 prevention and planning.
- COVID-19 shares characteristics with previous coronaviruses like SARS and MERS-CoV.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and summarize the laboratory and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients globally.
- To identify key laboratory markers associated with COVID-19 severity and outcomes.
- To provide insights for improved diagnosis and patient management.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of English-language articles published between January 1, 2019, and May 4, 2020.
- Searches conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using MeSH-compliant keywords.
- Inclusion of studies reporting laboratory and demographic findings in COVID-19 patients.
Main Results:
- Mean lymphocyte counts varied significantly (0.7-39) in hospitalized or severe cases.
- Leukopenia was not observed concurrently with thrombocytopenia.
- Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, D-dimer, FDP, FIB, neutrophils, AST, serum creatinine, troponin I, and blood bilirubin were common.
- Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was more prevalent in pediatric COVID-19 cases.
Conclusions:
- Laboratory findings, including altered lymphocyte counts and elevated inflammatory markers, are indicative of COVID-19.
- Observed changes in blood markers suggest potential myocardial, hepatic, and renal tissue damage.
- Evaluating blood samples alongside other diagnostic methods like lung scans is recommended for confirming COVID-19 diagnosis.
Abstract:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the third known animal coronavirus, after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The mean age of the infected patients was estimated to be between 50 and 69 years old. Accordingly, the COVID-19 mortality rate was calculated as 15%. In this regard, the essential component of prevention and planning is knowledge of laboratory and demographic findings among COVID-19 patients; therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate laboratory and demographic findings among these patients worldwide. This systematic review was performed on the articles published in English between January 1, 2019 and May 4, 2020, using MeSH-compliant keywords such as "COVID-19", "Laboratory, coronavirus disease-19 testing", and " demography " in international databases (PubMed, and web of science Scopus). Thereafter, the articles relevant to laboratory and demographic findings among COVID-19 patients were included in the final review. Reviewing the included articles showed changes in the mean lymphocytes count ranged from 0.7 to 39 in hospital or severe cases. Moreover, Leukopenia was not observed in patients with thrombocytopenia. In addition, C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, D-dimer, FDP, FIB, neutrophils, AST, serum creatinine, t-troponin, troponin I, and blood bilirubin levels showed increasing trends in most studies conducted on COVID-19 patients. Notably, the elevated LDH level was more common among children than adults. According to the results of the present study, and by considering the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients on the one hand, and considering the changes in laboratory samples such as lymphocytes and other blood markers due to the damaged myocardial, hepatic, and renal tissues on the other hand, it is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of this infection by evaluating the patients' blood samples using other diagnostic methods like lung scan.
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