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Recent advances in activating surface reconstruction for the high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction.

Likun Gao1, Xun Cui, Christopher D Sewell

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Surface reconstruction in transition metal electrocatalysts is crucial for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) efficiency. Understanding and controlling this dynamic process is key to developing advanced catalysts for sustainable energy technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Transition metal-based electrocatalysts are vital for sustainable energy conversion.
  • Surface reconstruction of catalysts during oxygen evolution reaction (OER) complicates activity prediction.
  • Operando and in situ techniques reveal in situ formation of active species with higher oxidation states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in understanding transition metal-based OER catalyst surface reconstruction.
  • To emphasize the role of operando analysis and theoretical calculations in elucidating reconstruction behavior.
  • To outline strategies for tailoring surface reconstruction for enhanced electrocatalytic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Summarization of recent advancements in surface reconstruction of various transition metal catalysts (oxides, non-oxides, hydroxides, alloys).
  • Emphasis on operando analysis and theoretical calculations to understand reconstruction from precatalysts to active catalysts.
  • Introduction of state-of-the-art strategies for tailoring surface reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Surface reconstruction leads to the formation of active species with increased oxidation states during OER in alkaline media.
  • Strategies like metal substitution/doping, anion introduction, oxygen vacancy incorporation, morphology tuning, and plasmonic/thermal/photothermal effects can tailor reconstruction.
  • Operando/in situ characterization combined with computational calculations are essential for understanding OER improvement mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of surface reconstruction is critical for establishing structure-composition-property relationships.
  • Rational manipulation of in situ catalyst surface reconstruction is necessary for achieving high electrocatalytic activities.
  • This review provides insights and guidelines for the rational development of transition metal-based OER catalysts.