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Association of ABO blood group and age with COVID-19 positive test
Ahmet Nalbant1, Ayhan Aydın2, Selçuk Yaylacı1
1Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine - Serdivan/Sakarya, Turquia.
Insights
This study found that the O blood group and younger age are associated with an increased incidence of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19). These findings may aid in the early detection of COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Medical Science
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant global impact.
- Understanding risk factors for COVID-19 infection and severity is crucial for public health strategies.
- Blood groups and Rh factor have been investigated for potential associations with various diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between ABO blood groups, Rh factor, and COVID-19.
- To determine if specific blood types are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- To explore the potential of blood groups as a factor in early COVID-19 detection.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 313 hospitalized patients.
- Patients were categorized as COVID-19 positive or negative via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing.
- Demographic, clinical, ABO blood group, and Rh factor data were collected from hospital records.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 positive cases were younger on average (57.74±16 years) compared to negative cases (66.41±15 years).
- A statistically significant association was found between COVID-19 positivity and the O blood group (p=0.011).
- Increased risk of COVID-19 positivity was observed in younger age groups (31-40, 41-50, 51-60 years).
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 incidence appears higher in younger individuals and those with blood group O.
- ABO blood groups may serve as a contributing factor for the early detection of COVID-19 in certain populations.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms behind these associations.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) and blood groups and the Rh factor.
Method:
A total of 313 patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine clinic, at the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in the study. The cases were divided into two groups: those who were COVID-19 positive and those negative, detected with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. The demographic, clinical, ABO blood groups, and Rh factor data of the cases were obtained from the hospital records retrospectively.
Results:
The mean age of COVID-19 positive (+) cases was 57.74±16 years and of COVID-19 negative (-) cases, 66.41±15 years. The difference was significant (p<0.001); there was no difference between the two groups in terms of sex (p=0.634). When age was categorically separated in COVID-19 (+) cases, χ2 was extremely significant. Among the ABO blood groups of COVID-19 (+) and (-) cases, χ2 was 4.975 (p=0.174). In the logistic regression, it was 4.1 (p=0.011) in the O blood group. COVID-19 positive test was determined as 13, 4, and 4 times higher in the 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 age groups, respectively (p=0.001, p=0.010, p=0.003).
Conclusion:
The incidence of COVID-19 has increased in the younger population and in the O blood group. Our findings support that, in this population, the ABO blood groups can contribute to the early detection of COVID-19.
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