Genomic breed composition of Ningxiang pig via different SNP panels

The genomic breed composition (GBC) reflects the genetic relationship between individual animal and ancestor breeds in composite or hybrid breeds. Also, it can estimate the genomic contribution of each breed (ancestor) to the genome of each individual animal. Using genomic SNP information to estimate Ningxiang pig GBC is of great significance. First of all, GBC was widely used in cattle and had significant effects, but there is almost no using experience in Chinese endemic pig breeds. Importantly, High-density SNPs are expensive but can be economized by deploying a relatively small number of highly informative SNP scattered evenly across the genome. Moreover, the impact of low-density SNPs selection strategy on estimating the GBC of individual animals has not been fully explained. Using SNP data from different databases and organizations, we established reference (N = 2015) and verification (N = 302) data sets. Twelve successively smaller SNP panels (500, 1K, 5K, 10K) were built from those SNP in the reference data by three selection methods (uniform, maximized the Euclidean distance (MED) and random distribution method). For each panel, the GBC of Ningxiang pigs in the reference dataset was estimated. Then combining Shannon entropy and the GBC results, the optimal panel (the 10K SNP panel constructed by MED method) was picked out to estimate the GBC of verification Ningxiang pig, which detected that 230 individuals were purebred Ningxiang pigs and the remaining 72 impure individuals contained 6.44% blood related with Rongchang pigs and 4.09% with Bamaxiang pigs in the verification Ningxiang population. Finally, the genetic structure analysis of verification population was performed combining with the results of GBC, multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. These results showed: (a) GBC could accurately identify purebred Ningxiang pigs and, scientifically, calculate the genomic contribution of each breed of each hybrid animal. (b) GBC could carry out population genetic structure and understand the genetic background of Ningxiang pigs. Such findings highlight a variety of opportunities to better protect and identify other endangered local breeds in China facing the same situation as Ningxiang pig and provide more accurate, economical and efficient new technical support in GBC estimation breeding work.