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Thrombus Structural Composition in Cardiovascular Disease

Ghadir Alkarithi1,2, Cédric Duval1, Yu Shi1

  • 1Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (G.A., C.D., Y.S., F.L.M., R.A.S.A.).

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|July 15, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Thrombus composition varies by cardiovascular condition, influencing disease mechanisms and treatment. Understanding these components, like fibrin and platelets, is key to improving patient outcomes in thrombosis.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Thrombosis is a critical complication of cardiovascular disease, causing myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism.
  • Thrombus formation within blood vessels obstructs blood flow, necessitating advanced treatments like thrombectomy.
  • Thrombectomy advancements enable detailed thrombus composition analysis, offering insights into disease mechanisms and treatment optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review thrombus compositions and the roles of their components in formation and stability.
  • To examine methods used for investigating thrombus structure and composition.
  • To summarize findings on thrombus structure from both human patients and animal models.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on thrombus composition and structure.
  • Analysis of thrombi from cardiovascular patients and animal models.
  • Examination of various analytical techniques including microscopy and histochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Thrombi comprise fibrin, red blood cells, platelets, leukocytes, and neutrophil extracellular traps.
  • Myocardial infarction thrombi are rich in fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells; stroke thrombi are platelet- and red blood cell-rich; VTE thrombi are fibrin- and red blood cell-rich.
  • Thrombus composition is heterogeneous and influenced by factors like ischemic time; animal models provide comparable data.

Conclusions:

  • Thrombus composition is diverse and linked to specific cardiovascular events.
  • Understanding thrombus components and their functions is crucial for developing improved therapies.
  • Further research into thrombus composition and function will enhance clinical outcomes for thrombosis patients.

Keywords:
blood vesselscardiovascular diseasesmyocardial infarctionthrombectomythrombosis

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