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Related Concept Videos

Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

283
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
283

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
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Published on: December 20, 2024

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Using Proanthocyanidin as a Root Dentin Conditioner for GIC Restorations.

J Cai1, M F Burrow1,2, D J Manton1,3

  • 1Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.

Journal of Dental Research
|July 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proanthocyanidin (PAC) shows potential for conditioning root dentin, improving bonding with glass ionomer cements (GICs). While PAC altered dentin collagen, its effect on GIC bond strength varied, suggesting further research for optimal dental restoration applications.

Keywords:
biomodificationcollagen crosslinkingdentin bondingglass ionomer cementsgrape seed extractroot caries

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials
  • Adhesion Science

Background:

  • Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are primary materials for restoring root carious lesions (RCLs).
  • Bonding GICs to demineralized dentin presents challenges due to collagen collapse.
  • Proanthocyanidin (PAC) has acidic and collagen-modifying properties, potentially aiding smear layer removal and dentin biomodification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate PAC as a dentin conditioner for improving GIC bonding to sound (SD) and demineralized (DD) root dentin.
  • To assess the impact of PAC on the shear bond strength (SBS) of different GICs.
  • To investigate PAC's biomodification effects on dentin collagen using Raman microspectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Root dentin (SD and DD) was conditioned with 6.5% w/v PAC, deionized distilled water (DDW), or polyacrylic acid (PAA).
  • Conditioned dentin was bonded with resin-modified GIC (FII), CPP-ACP-modified GIC (FVII), or high-viscosity GIC (FIX).
  • Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured, and failure modes were analyzed; Raman microspectroscopy assessed dentin biomodification.

Main Results:

  • FII exhibited higher SBS on SD, particularly with PAA conditioning.
  • FIX showed significantly higher SBS on PAA- or PAC-conditioned DD compared to FII and FVII.
  • PAC and PAA generally did not significantly alter SBS compared to DDW, except for decreased SBS with PAC on SD (FII) and increased SBS with PAA on DD (FIX).
  • PAC treatment altered dentin collagen composition (mineral-to-matrix, hydroxyproline-to-proline ratios), especially in DD, as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy.
  • The bonding interface of SD was more resistant to acid-base challenge than DD.

Conclusions:

  • PAC demonstrates potential for conditioning root dentin and biomodifying collagen, though its direct impact on GIC bond strength requires further investigation.
  • Raman microspectroscopy is a valuable complementary tool for assessing bonding interface integrity and biomodification effects.
  • Specific GIC formulations and dentin conditions influence the effectiveness of PAC conditioning in dental restorations.