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Phenotypic resemblance in birth weight between first cousins.

M P Mi1, M Earle, J Kagawa

  • 1Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822.

Annals of Human Genetics
|January 1, 1986
PubMed
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Maternal influences significantly impact birth weight in humans, outweighing genetic factors. This study analyzed birth weight correlations among first cousins in Hawaii, revealing non-hereditary maternal effects are primary determinants.

Area of Science:

  • Human genetics
  • Reproductive biology
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Birth weight is a critical indicator of infant health and development.
  • Understanding the determinants of birth weight, including genetic and environmental factors, is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relative contributions of genetic and non-hereditary maternal influences on human birth weight.
  • To quantify phenotypic resemblance in birth weight among single first cousins.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computerized record linkage of birth and marriage data in Hawaii (1942-1979).
  • Analyzed 72,078 liveborn singletons across 5,981 paternal and 7,036 maternal first cousin kinships.
  • Estimated phenotypic resemblance using covariance and intraclass correlation, considering both inbreeding and outbreeding within racial groups.

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Main Results:

  • Covariances between maternal cousins were substantially higher than between paternal cousins.
  • Neither maternal nor newborn genotype heterogeneity significantly affected first-cousin resemblance.
  • Observed paternal cousin correlation was partly explained by mate selection and maternal characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Non-hereditary maternal influences are the primary determinants of human birth weight.
  • Environmental and maternal factors play a more significant role than genetics in shaping birth weight.
  • Further research into maternal effects is warranted to understand birth weight variations.