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Updated: Oct 28, 2025
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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
Published on: August 12, 2020
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Neonatal bloodstream infections.
Brandon R Hadfield1, Joseph B Cantey1,2
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|July 15, 2021
Summary
Neonatal bloodstream infections (BSI) are decreasing due to improved prevention, but challenges like antimicrobial resistance persist. Advances in diagnosis and management are crucial for reducing infant morbidity and mortality.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) medicine
- Infectious diseases
- Pediatric critical care
Background:
- Neonatal bloodstream infections (BSI) significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality in NICUs.
- While incidence has decreased over 15 years, BSI remains common in extremely preterm infants.
- Central line-associated BSI are a notable subset of neonatal infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of neonatal BSI.
- To highlight emerging pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns.
- To discuss novel diagnostic biomarkers for BSI.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies published within the last 18 months.
- Analysis of quality improvement initiatives and infection control bundles.
- Examination of research on novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Main Results:
- Continued decline in BSI incidence attributed to enhanced infection control.
- Identification of emerging and traditional pathogens with increasing antimicrobial resistance.
- Exploration of serum and noninvasive biomarkers for early BSI detection.
Conclusions:
- Despite progress, neonatal BSI remain a critical concern, particularly in vulnerable populations.
- Addressing antimicrobial resistance and improving diagnostic speed are essential.
- Sustained focus on prevention and novel interventions is necessary to reduce BSI-related complications.
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