Protein lysine crotonylation: past, present, perspective

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Epigenetics

Background:

• Lysine crotonylation is a post-translational modification found in histone and non-histone proteins.
• It is implicated in various biological processes including neuropsychiatric disease, carcinogenesis, spermatogenesis, tissue injury, and inflammation.
• Its unique carbon-carbon π-bond structure suggests distinct regulatory mechanisms compared to other lysine acylations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the regulatory mechanisms of lysine crotonylation.
• To discuss the physiological functions and substrate recognition of lysine crotonylation.
• To describe the tools and methods for predicting and detecting lysine crotonylation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of enzymatic and non-enzymatic regulation.
• Analysis of substrate recognition principles.
• Compilation of current prediction and detection methodologies.

Main Results:

• Lysine crotonylation is regulated by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways.
• It plays significant roles in diverse cellular functions and disease states.
• Cross-talk with other post-translational modifications is a key aspect of its function.
• Various tools and methods are available for its study.

Conclusions:

• Lysine crotonylation is an important regulatory mechanism with broad biological implications.
• Further research into its distinct features and therapeutic potential is warranted.
• Understanding lysine crotonylation is crucial for advancing knowledge in disease mechanisms and biological processes.