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The Carbon Cycle01:14

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Deep carbon cycle constrained by carbonate solubility.

Stefan Farsang1, Marion Louvel2, Chaoshuai Zhao3

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This summary is machine-generated.

Subducting slabs release carbon into the mantle, but estimates of carbon recycling efficiency vary. This study shows Mg-rich carbonates significantly reduce carbon solubility, explaining recycling discrepancies.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Geology
  • Earth Science

Background:

  • The deep carbon cycle influences atmospheric CO2, climate, and planetary habitability.
  • Aqueous fluids from subducting slabs can extract carbon, but recycling efficiency is estimated at only ~40%.
  • Mg-rich carbonates form during subduction, potentially altering carbon solubility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the solubility of dolomite, rhodochrosite, and magnesite under subduction zone conditions.
  • To investigate how carbonate composition affects carbon mobility in subduction zones.
  • To reconcile discrepancies in global carbon recycling estimates.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental determination of carbonate solubility under high-pressure and temperature conditions.
  • Analysis of carbonate inclusions and petrology.
  • Mg isotope systematics.

Main Results:

  • Solubility of Mg-rich carbonates (dolomite, magnesite) is two orders of magnitude lower than Ca-rich carbonates.
  • Aqueous dissolution mobilizes 10-92% of slab carbon depending on subduction settings.
  • Globally, aqueous fluids mobilize [Formula: see text]% ([Formula: see text] Mt/yr) of subducted carbon.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased solubility of Mg-rich carbonates explains lower-than-expected carbon recycling efficiencies.
  • Heterogeneity in carbon and water subduction, along with carbonate composition, are key factors in carbon cycle dynamics.
  • Aqueous fluids play a significant role in mobilizing subducted carbon, but efficiency varies greatly.