Localizations of aluminum in soybean bacteroids and seeds

Aluminum, long known to be detrimental to soybean productivity, was localized in the polyphosphate granules (PPG) of bacteroids in root nodules of soybean plants. By using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, bacteroids in early infections were shown to have typical PPG constituents. However, in PPG in older infections and after the bacteroids were digested intracellularly, aluminum was also detected. These results indicate that aluminum accumulates in PPG after a period when organisms have been resident in host cells and that high levels of aluminum were present in the bacteroids at the time of their demise. At least some of the aluminum in these laboratory-grown plants could have come from the seeds used.