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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Analysis of Age-Related White Matter Microstructures Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

Yahui Ouyang^1,2, Dong Cui³, Zilong Yuan⁴

¹Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Tai'an, China.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

|July 15, 2021

Summary

Aging brains show significant white matter changes. Middle-aged individuals had lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusion (AD), but higher mean diffusion (MD) and radial diffusion (RD) compared to younger adults.

Keywords:

age deterministic fiber tracking diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)gender tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS)

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Radiology
Gerontology

Background:

Population aging presents significant societal challenges, necessitating research into age-related brain changes.
Understanding alterations in white matter is crucial for addressing cognitive decline in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related changes in white matter fiber integrity using advanced imaging techniques.
To identify specific white matter tracts that exhibit significant differences between young and middle-aged individuals.

Main Methods:

Employed tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to analyze diffusion parameters: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusion (MD), axial diffusion (AD), and radial diffusion (RD).
Utilized deterministic fiber tracking to assess correlations between age and white matter fiber characteristics like number and length.
Compared a cohort of 58 individuals divided into young and middle-age groups.

Main Results:

TBSS revealed significant differences in FA, MD, AD, and RD across multiple white matter fibers between age groups.
Middle-aged individuals showed decreased FA and AD, alongside increased MD and RD compared to younger counterparts.
Fiber length positively correlated with age in specific tracts, including the splenium of corpus callosum (SCC) and posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC).

Conclusions:

Specific white matter tracts, including SCC, PLIC, posterior corona radiata (PCR_R), anterior corona radiata (ACR), posterior thalamic radiation (PTR_L), and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF_L), show significant age-related differences.
These identified white matter fibers may serve as valuable imaging biomarkers for detecting age-related brain changes.