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The resilience paradox.

George A Bonanno1

  • 1Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

European Journal of Psychotraumatology
|July 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most people are resilient after trauma, but predicting who will be resilient is difficult. Current methods fail due to situational variability and behavioral trade-offs, highlighting the need for flexible self-regulation strategies.

Keywords:
Resiliencecopingemotionflexibilitymaching learningpersonalitypredictionself-regulationsmall effectstrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Trauma Studies
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Resilience is the common outcome after trauma, yet predicting it remains challenging.
  • Existing resilience questionnaires lack predictive utility due to limited predictors.
  • Multivariate and machine learning models also struggle to fully predict resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the paradox of predicting resilience.
  • To identify reasons for the limited predictive power of current methods.
  • To discuss the role of flexible self-regulation in resilience.

Main Methods:

  • Review of decades of research on trauma outcomes and resilience predictors.
  • Analysis of limitations in commonly used resilience questionnaires.
  • Examination of multivariate modeling and machine learning approaches.
  • Exploration of situational variability and cost-benefit trade-offs in behavioral responses.

Main Results:

  • Predicting individual resilience is difficult due to modest effect sizes of predictors.
  • Situational variability and behavioral cost-benefit trade-offs explain predictive failures.
  • Behavioral adjustment to trauma is an ongoing, dynamic process.

Conclusions:

  • Resilience is a complex process, not solely determined by static predictors.
  • Flexible self-regulation is crucial for navigating traumatic stress.
  • Future research should focus on dynamic self-regulation mechanisms for enhanced resilience prediction.