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Related Concept Videos

Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

181
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
181
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

226
In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss...
226
Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

351
The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
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Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System01:29

Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System

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The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
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Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS01:17

Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS

147
The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
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Current Trends in Nursing II01:30

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Trends in nursing are multifactorial and associated with changes in society, within the nursing profession, and in other professions. Notably, telehealth and remote nursing contribute to successful healthcare delivery for numerous patients and help reduce stress for nurses due to nursing shortages. Nurses can reach patients, monitor their conditions, and interact with them using computers, audio, visual accessories, and telephones—for example, remote patient monitoring systems. Likewise,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
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Why do narrow network plans cost less?

Eli Liebman1, Matthew T Panhans2

  • 1Department of Economics, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Health Economics
|July 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Narrow network health insurance plans reduce costs through lower patient utilization (67%), negotiated lower prices (15%), and steering patients to cost-effective hospitals (18%). These findings inform health insurance regulation.

Keywords:
health insurancehealthcareselection

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Health Insurance Markets
  • Healthcare Policy

Background:

  • Narrow network health insurance plans are associated with reduced premiums and lower costs for insurers.
  • Understanding the specific mechanisms driving these cost savings is crucial for policy evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To decompose and quantify the contributions of different mechanisms by which narrow network plans achieve lower costs.
  • To analyze the roles of enrollee utilization, price negotiation, and patient steering in cost reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Colorado non-group health insurance market.
  • Examination of three cost-reduction mechanisms: enrollee utilization, negotiated prices, and hospital steering.

Main Results:

  • Narrow network plans achieve cost savings through lower enrollee utilization (67%), negotiated lower prices (15%), and steering patients to lower-cost hospitals (18%).
  • Both price negotiation and patient steering represent efficient cost-containment strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Narrow network plans utilize a combination of factors to reduce healthcare costs.
  • Findings provide insights for policymakers balancing cost containment with the regulation of narrow network insurance plans.