Multiple-view D²NNs array: realizing robust 3D object recognition

As an optical-based classifier of the physical neural network, the independent diffractive deep neural network (D²NN) can be utilized to learn the single-view spatial featured mapping between the input lightfields and the truth labels by preprocessing a large number of training samples. However, it is still not enough to approach or even reach a satisfactory classification accuracy on three-dimensional (3D) targets owing to already losing lots of effective lightfield information on other view fields. This Letter presents a multiple-view D²NNs array (MDA) scheme that provides a significant inference improvement compared with individual D²NN or Res-D²NN by constructing a different complementary mechanism and then merging all base learners of distinct views on an electronic computer. Furthermore, a robust multiple-view D²NNs array (r-MDA) framework is demonstrated to resist the redundant spatial features of invalid lightfields due to severe optical disturbances.