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Multidimensional Interoception and Autistic Traits Across life Stages: Evidence From a Novel Eye-tracking Task.

Han-Xue Yang1,2, Han-Yu Zhou1,2, Zhen Wei3

  • 1Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|July 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that while autistic traits and alexithymia are linked, interoceptive accuracy shows limited association with these traits in neurotypical individuals. Cardiac interoceptive accuracy varies significantly with age.

Keywords:
AlexithymiaAutism spectrum disordersEye-trackingInteroception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Developmental Science

Background:

  • Interoception is crucial for socio-cognitive functions, often affected in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Previous research suggests a link between autistic traits, alexithymia, and interoceptive abilities, but findings are inconsistent.
  • Understanding these relationships is key to developing targeted interventions for ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between autistic traits, alexithymia, and interoceptive accuracy (IA) in neurotypical adults.
  • To examine the relationship between age and IA across different developmental stages (preschool, adolescence, adulthood).
  • To assess the utility of a novel "Eye-tracking Interoceptive Accuracy Task (EIAT)" for measuring IA.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: 114 neurotypical college students completed assessments of autistic traits, alexithymia, and IA using the EIAT.
  • Experiment 2: EIAT and the Autism Spectrum Quotient were administered to 52 preschool children, 50 adolescents, and 50 adults.
  • Statistical analyses were employed to determine associations and age-related differences.

Main Results:

  • Experiment 1 found associations between autistic traits and alexithymia, but not with multidimensional interoception.
  • Experiment 2 demonstrated a strong association between age and interoceptive accuracy.
  • Cardiac IA varied significantly across neurotypical age groups, with limited correlation to autistic traits.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac interoceptive accuracy is developmentally dependent, differing across age groups in neurotypical individuals.
  • Autistic traits and alexithymia show a limited direct relationship with cardiac interoceptive accuracy in this sample.
  • The EIAT is a viable tool for assessing interoceptive accuracy across diverse age ranges.