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Children and SARS-CoV-2

Dusan Bogunovic1, Miriam Merad2

  • 1Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center of Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Cell Host & Microbe
|July 15, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The world population is experiencing SARS-CoV-2 infections. While severe COVID-19 affects adults, multisystem inflammatory disorder impacts children, prompting a discussion of known and unknown features in pediatric populations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The global population, previously unexposed, is now encountering SARS-CoV-2.
  • Severe COVID-19 disproportionately affects adult populations.
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is a significant concern primarily observed in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric populations.
  • To discuss the current understanding of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding SARS-CoV-2 in children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and immunological studies on SARS-CoV-2 in children.
  • Synthesis of data on disease presentation, severity, and outcomes in pediatric cases.
  • Analysis of immune profiles and inflammatory markers associated with SARS-CoV-2 in children.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 presents with a spectrum of illness in children, ranging from asymptomatic to severe disease.
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a distinct post-infectious complication.
  • Immune responses in children differ from adults, with some evidence of distinct inflammatory pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in children.
  • Understanding pediatric immune responses is crucial for developing targeted therapies and prevention strategies.
  • Continued surveillance and research are essential to address the long-term impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on child health.

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