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Hypertrabeculation; a phenotype with Heterogeneous etiology.

Fatemeh Adabifirouzjaei1, Sachiyo Igata1, Anthony Nicholas DeMaria1

  • 1The Division of Cardiology, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

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|July 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Left ventricular hypertrabeculation (LVHT) is a cardiac phenotype with diverse causes and presentations. This condition, marked by a two-layered heart muscle, is increasingly recognized across various heart conditions.

Keywords:
Congenital noncompaction syndromeEchocardiographyLeft ventricular hypertrabeculationMagnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Imaging

Background:

  • Left ventricular hypertrabeculation (LVHT) is a cardiac phenotype characterized by a two-layered myocardium.
  • Its prevalence is rising due to improved cardiac imaging techniques.
  • Historically linked to congenital noncompaction, LVHT is now recognized across diverse conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present hypertrabeculation (HT) as a phenotype.
  • To discuss the classification, etiology, diagnosis, and management of LVHT.
  • To highlight the etiologic heterogeneity and clinical significance of LVHT.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on LVHT.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and clinical presentations.
  • Discussion of management strategies based on etiology and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • LVHT is associated with systolic dysfunction, arrhythmias, and thromboembolic events.
  • Prognosis and outcomes are largely determined by underlying comorbidities.
  • Lack of consensus diagnostic criteria contributes to its broad reporting.

Conclusions:

  • LVHT is a phenotype with multiple etiologies, not solely congenital noncompaction.
  • Management requires addressing the underlying cause and associated conditions.
  • Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines.