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Understanding lower limb muscle volume adaptations to amputation.

David P Henson1, Caitlin Edgar1, Ziyun Ding2

  • 1The Royal British Legion Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Imperial College London, UK; The Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK.

Journal of Biomechanics
|July 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Limb amputation causes muscle volume changes due to compensatory strategies. This study quantified muscle loss and hypertrophy in amputees, informing better prosthetic and therapy development for improved function.

Keywords:
AmputationAmputeeMuscleMuscle volumeMusculoskeletal

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Kinesiology
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Limb amputation necessitates compensatory movement strategies.
  • Chronic underuse or overuse leads to muscle atrophy and hypertrophy.
  • Understanding these muscle changes is crucial for rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify lower limb muscle volume in transtibial and transfemoral amputees using MRI.
  • To develop regression equations for predicting muscle volume based on anthropometric data.
  • To compare muscle parameters between amputees and matched controls.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure muscle volume.
  • Twelve individuals with limb loss and six control subjects participated.
  • Muscle volume was correlated with femur/tibia length, pelvic width, height, and mass.

Main Results:

  • Unilateral transtibial amputees showed residual limb muscle volume loss, with intact limb compensation.
  • Bilateral transfemoral amputees exhibited hypertrophy in hip adductors, hip flexors, and gluteus medius.
  • Significant atrophy was observed in longer adductors, rectus femoris, and hamstrings in transfemoral amputees.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides benchmark muscle volume data for individuals with limb loss.
  • Findings elucidate compensatory strategies and their impact on muscle volume.
  • Results can guide optimized interventions, therapies, and prosthetic designs for amputees.