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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

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In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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Bar code reader for the THz region.

Yasith Amarasinghe, Hichem Guerboukha, Yaseman Shiri

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    This study introduces a terahertz (THz) barcode sensing system using a leaky waveguide. The system offers a low-cost, high-density data storage alternative to traditional RFID tags.

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    Area of Science:

    • Terahertz (THz) technology
    • Waveguide optics
    • Data storage systems

    Background:

    • Traditional data storage methods like RFID tags have limitations in certain environments.
    • There is a need for cost-effective and versatile data encoding solutions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel barcode sensing system operating in the terahertz (THz) frequency region.
    • To explore methods for increasing data storage density beyond basic binary encoding.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a leaky parallel plate waveguide and an off-axis parabolic mirror for THz wave manipulation.
    • Constructed barcodes using metal bars with air gaps, with up to 6 bars encoding 64 bits.
    • Employed coherent detection and introduced Teflon strips to encode information in both amplitude and phase delay.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated a functional THz barcode sensing system.
    • Achieved a data storage capacity of up to 64 bits with a 6-bar configuration.
    • Showcased the potential for increased bit density through amplitude and phase encoding.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed THz barcode system is easily and inexpensively manufactured.
    • This system presents a versatile and promising alternative to existing RFID tags for data storage and sensing applications.