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Detecting anomalous citation groups in journal networks.

Sadamori Kojaku1, Giacomo Livan2,3, Naoki Masuda4,5,6

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A new algorithm called CIDRE can detect "citation cartels" where journals artificially inflate their impact factors. This tool identifies groups of journals excessively exchanging citations, helping to maintain academic integrity in publishing.

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Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics
  • Scholarly Communication
  • Academic Publishing

Background:

  • The academic publishing market is highly competitive, driving journals to increase their impact factors.
  • This pursuit of higher impact factors can lead to journals becoming more selective and raising publication standards.
  • However, some journals engage in "citation cartel" behavior to artificially inflate their impact factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate an algorithm, CIDRE, for detecting anomalous groups of journals engaging in excessive citation exchange.
  • To identify journals that artificially boost their impact factors through coordinated citation practices.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the CIDRE (Citation Impact Detection and REgulation) algorithm.
  • Comparison of citation exchange rates against a null model considering scientific communities and journal size.
  • Analysis of journals suspended from Journal Citation Reports for anomalous citation behavior.

Main Results:

  • CIDRE successfully detects over half of the journals suspended for anomalous citation behavior, either in the year of suspension or prior.
  • The algorithm identifies numerous new anomalous groups where member journals significantly inflate their impact factors through mutual citations.
  • Detailed examples of these citation cartels and their impact are presented.

Conclusions:

  • The CIDRE algorithm is effective in identifying citation cartels and anomalous citation patterns in academic journals.
  • The findings highlight the prevalence and impact of citation cartels on journal metrics and the academic climate.
  • This research contributes to maintaining the integrity of scholarly communication and journal evaluation metrics.