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Related Concept Videos

Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
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Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
354
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

359
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 28, 2025

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
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The Different Faces of Insomnia.

Ingo Fietze1, Naima Laharnar1, Volker Koellner2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|July 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study describes a cohort of 456 insomnia patients, highlighting their long suffering and the need for better diagnostic tools. New phenotypical parameters were identified to improve insomnia assessment and individualized therapy.

Keywords:
heterogeneityinsomniaphenotypesprogressionquestionnairescreeningsubtypessymptom

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder with significant impact on quality of life.
  • Identifying clinically relevant insomnia subtypes is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Existing diagnostic methods may not fully capture the heterogeneity of insomnia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a specific cohort of insomnia patients and their characteristics.
  • To introduce and evaluate new phenotypical parameters for insomnia assessment.
  • To explore the potential of these parameters in differentiating insomnia severity and guiding individualized therapy.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 456 insomnia patients diagnosed by sleep specialists was analyzed.
  • A 14-item questionnaire assessed insomnia symptoms, progression, sleep history, and treatment.
  • Data included patient demographics, symptom duration, triggers, and treatment effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • Patients suffered from insomnia for an average of 12 years before seeking specialist care.
  • Psychological triggers, a history of poor sleep, and family history were common.
  • Sleep maintenance insomnia (SMI) was most frequent, with early morning awakening (EMA) symptoms increasing over time.

Conclusions:

  • The studied insomnia cohort exhibited prolonged suffering and delayed specialist consultation.
  • Novel questionnaire parameters, such as daytime sleepiness and non-medical therapy response, may aid in assessing insomnia severity.
  • Further research incorporating these parameters is recommended for better understanding and individualized insomnia treatment.