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Echocardiographic Findings in Heart Failure Patients With Methamphetamine Use: A Case-Control Study

Roopam Jariwal1, Vishal Narang1, Nadia Raza1

  • 1Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles-Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, USA.

Cureus
|July 16, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Methamphetamine users with cardiomyopathy show significantly worse echocardiogram results, including reduced ejection fraction and increased left ventricular mass, compared to non-users. This indicates a more severe form of dilated cardiomyopathy in individuals using methamphetamine.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Methamphetamine use is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Limited research exists on echocardiographic parameters specifically in patients with methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy.
  • This study addresses the gap in understanding the cardiac impact of methamphetamine use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare echocardiographic parameters between patients with cardiomyopathy who use methamphetamine and those who do not.
  • To identify specific cardiac structural and functional differences associated with methamphetamine use.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records and echocardiograms from November 2019 to November 2020.
  • Inclusion of patients with cardiomyopathy, divided into methamphetamine users (case group) and non-users (control group).
  • Exclusion of patients who left or expired before assessment; comparison of echocardiographic findings between groups.

Main Results:

  • The study included 254 methamphetamine users and 268 non-users, predominantly male.
  • Methamphetamine users exhibited a statistically significant lower left ventricle ejection fraction (33.65% vs. 41.55%).
  • Methamphetamine users showed significantly increased left ventricle mass index (122.49 vs. 108.62 g/m²) and left ventricle end-diastolic volume index (85.91 vs. 72.44 mL/m²), with marginally higher right ventricle systolic pressure (42.29 vs. 39.59 mmHg).

Conclusions:

  • Methamphetamine users with cardiomyopathy present with echocardiographic findings indicative of more severe disease.
  • Findings include decreased ejection fraction and elevated left ventricular mass and volume, consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy.
  • These results highlight the detrimental cardiovascular effects of methamphetamine use.

Keywords:
diastolic dysfunctionechoheart failure with reduced ejection fractionmethamphetamine induced cardiomyopathytransoesophageal echo

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