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Brain Areas Involved in Modulating the Immune Response Participating in Hypertension and Its Target Organ Damage

Marialuisa Perrotta1, Daniela Carnevale1,2

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|July 16, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension involves cardiovascular, neurogenic, and immune system dysregulation. This review explores how brain areas modulate immune responses crucial for managing high blood pressure.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Hypertension is a complex disease influenced by cardiovascular, neurogenic, and immune factors.
  • Traditionally recognized mechanisms include autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation and renin-angiotensin system activation.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of immune activation and inflammation in hypertension development and persistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate hypertension's pathophysiology by considering interactions between established risk factors and the immune system.
  • To explore the critical role of neuroimmune interactions in hypertension.
  • To summarize research on how specific brain regions influence immune responses involved in hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature and studies.
  • Analysis of research on central nervous system (CNS) control of cardiovascular functions.
  • Examination of the interplay between the ANS, brain, and peripheral immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Central nervous system areas regulating cardiovascular functions possess abundant Angiotensin II receptors.
  • These brain regions are vital in mediating peripheral ANS and immune responses.
  • The ANS acts as a key mediator between the brain and peripheral systems for blood pressure regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimmune interactions play a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
  • Specific brain areas can modulate immune responses implicated in high blood pressure.
  • Understanding these neuroimmune pathways is essential for developing novel hypertension therapies.

Keywords:
Angiotensin receptorsbraincircumventricular organshypertensionimmunitytarget organ damage

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