Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

3.9K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
3.9K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

6.0K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
6.0K
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

3.2K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
3.2K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

5.2K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
5.2K
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

3.1K
Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
3.1K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

3.2K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The role of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of heart failure: A narrative review.

Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University·2026
Same author

Triiodothyroacetic acid exerts tissue-specific thyromimetic effects without tachycardia and hyperthermia in male mice.

European thyroid journal·2026
Same author

Pregnancy negates thyroid hormone-induced pyrexia.

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone neurons of different hypothalamic nuclei increase energy expenditure.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Selenoprotein P Deficiency Is Associated with Early Signs of Kidney Disease and Hospitalization Risk in Heart Failure.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Insulin Receptor Family Autoantibodies in Patients with Type B Insulin Resistance.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.1K

Maternal Thyroid Hormone Programs Cardiovascular Functions in the Offspring.

Mehdi Pedaran1, Rebecca Oelkrug1, Qian Sun2,3

  • 1Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|July 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal thyroid hormone (TH) is crucial for fetal heart development, especially during the second half of pregnancy. Altered TH levels can lead to increased heart weight and heart rate in offspring, highlighting the need for monitoring TH during pregnancy.

Keywords:
TRα1 signalingcardiovascular systemfetal programmingheartpregnancythyroid hormone

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Enhancing the Offspring Health in Rats with Maternal Exercise During Pregnancy
05:17

Author Spotlight: Enhancing the Offspring Health in Rats with Maternal Exercise During Pregnancy

Published on: April 5, 2024

992
Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes
03:19

Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes

Published on: June 28, 2024

555

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.1K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing the Offspring Health in Rats with Maternal Exercise During Pregnancy
05:17

Author Spotlight: Enhancing the Offspring Health in Rats with Maternal Exercise During Pregnancy

Published on: April 5, 2024

992
Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes
03:19

Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes

Published on: June 28, 2024

555

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Maternal thyroid hormone (TH) is vital for fetal development, particularly the cardiovascular system.
  • The specific impact of altered TH action during different pregnancy stages is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of maternal 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) administration during specific pregnancy periods on offspring cardiovascular development.
  • To determine the role of thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 (TRα1) in mediating these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Mice heterozygous for a mutant TRα1 and wild-type controls were used.
  • Mothers received T3 during the first or second half of pregnancy.
  • Offspring were phenotyped as adults using in vivo and postmortem analyses.

Main Results:

  • Maternal T3 treatment increased heart weight in wild-type offspring, an effect not seen in TRα1 mutant males.
  • Elevated maternal T3 in the second half of pregnancy increased heart rate in male offspring.
  • No significant effects on postnatal growth, serum thyroxine, or pituitary/hepatic deiodinase expression were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal TH, particularly during the second half of pregnancy, is critical for establishing normal cardiac properties in offspring.
  • TRα1 and offspring gender influence the cardiovascular response to maternal TH exposure.
  • Routine monitoring of maternal TH levels during pregnancy is recommended to prevent adverse cardiac outcomes in offspring.