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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis and keratoconus.

Denise Wajnsztajn1, Abraham Solomon

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

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|July 16, 2021
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Summary

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) significantly increases the risk and severity of keratoconus (KC) in young patients. Early detection and management of VKC-associated KC are crucial for preserving vision and quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Corneal Diseases

Background:

  • Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe allergic eye disease impacting children and young adults.
  • Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal disorder leading to visual impairment, frequently complicating VKC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between VKC and KC.
  • Focus on mechanisms, prevalence, natural history, and treatment of VKC-associated KC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on VKC and KC.
  • Analysis of prevalence, disease progression, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • KC is a common VKC complication, with prevalence up to 26.8% and abnormal topography in 71% of VKC patients.
  • KC in VKC patients is more severe, progresses faster, and leads to greater visual loss and need for keratoplasty.
  • Treatments like crosslinking and transplantation are effective, but VKC patients have higher postoperative complication rates requiring vigilant monitoring and inflammation control.

Conclusions:

  • Close monitoring for KC in VKC patients is essential.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management of VKC and KC preserve vision and quality of life.