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Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: January 5, 2019

Borophene via Micromechanical Exfoliation.

Sumit Chahal¹, Pranay Ranjan^1,2, Maithili Motlag³

¹Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|July 16, 2021

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Micromechanical exfoliation yields device-quality borophene monolayers, the lightest Xene. This breakthrough enables new applications in electronics, energy storage, and thermal management.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Borophene, the lightest Xene, exhibits exceptional electronic and mechanical properties.
Achieving device-quality borophene monolayers is critical for advanced applications.
Novel fabrication methods are needed to realize high-quality borophene.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore micromechanical exfoliation as a method for producing device-quality borophene.
To investigate the crystallographic phases and electronic properties of exfoliated borophene.
To examine the potential of borophene-based heterostructures for optoelectronic applications.

Main Methods:

Micromechanical exfoliation to obtain mono- and few-layered borophene.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallographic phase analysis.

Keywords:

borophene excitonic devices heterolayers micromechanical exfoliation

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Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for exfoliation energy and process simulation.

Fabrication and characterization of borophene heterolayers with black phosphorene (BP) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2).

Main Results:

Successful fabrication of device-quality mono- and few-layered borophene sheets.
Observation of crystallographic phase transitions (rhombohedral to other eigen phases) influenced by substrate choice.
Identification of photoexcited coupling quantum states in borophene heterolayers.
Demonstration of borophene's electronic behavior and gold-coated borophene's SERS capability.

Conclusions:

Micromechanical exfoliation is a viable route to high-quality borophene.
Borophene's phase and properties are tunable via substrate selection and heterostructure formation.
Exfoliated borophene and its heterolayers show promise for next-generation electronics, excitonics, and energy solutions.