Recent advances in microbial toxin-related strategies to combat cancer

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Microbiology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Cancer treatment faces challenges due to unique cancer cell pathophysiology and developing resistance.
• Existing therapies have limitations, necessitating the exploration of novel anti-tumor strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the potential of naturally derived microbial toxins as an alternative anti-cancer therapy.
• To review the mechanisms of action and sources of various microbial toxins used against cancer cells.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of microbial toxins with anti-cancer properties.
• Analysis of toxins derived from bacterial, fungal, and algal species.
• Categorization of toxins based on their biological targets and mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

• Microbial toxins like Diphtheria toxin, Vibrio cholera toxin, Aflatoxin, Patulin, Cryptophycin-55, and Chlorella exhibit anti-cancer potential.
• Bacterial toxins primarily target protein synthesis and modulate immunity, some acting on DNA.
• Fungal toxins show DNA damaging activity and affect cell cycle regulation; algal toxins impact mitochondrial phosphorylation.

Conclusions:

• Microbial toxins and their metabolites represent a promising therapeutic option for cancer treatment and management.
• The diverse mechanisms of action of microbial toxins provide a rich source for developing novel anti-cancer drugs.