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Unsaturated hemiwicking dynamics on surfaces with irregular roughness.

Mark J Varady1, Brent A Mantooth1

  • 1U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5424, United States.

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|July 16, 2021
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Summary

Researchers modified a liquid spreading model to predict hemiwicking on rough surfaces. They found that surface topography analysis, using spatial filtering, can estimate model parameters, offering a computationally efficient alternative to experiments.

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Capillary pressureHemiwickingLiquid spreadingMicropillar array approximationPorous materialsRelative permeabilityRichards equation

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Surface science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Hemiwicking describes liquid spreading ahead of a droplet on rough surfaces, driven by capillary forces from surface topography.
  • Analytical models for hemiwicking are feasible for periodic surfaces but challenging for irregular topographies.
  • Understanding liquid spreading on irregular surfaces is crucial for applications in coatings, porous media, and microfluidics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt a previously published model for liquid spreading on thin porous materials to include unsaturated spreading (hemiwicking).
  • To investigate the use of surface topography analysis for determining key model parameters (permeability and capillary pressure) for irregular surfaces.
  • To evaluate the trade-off between prediction accuracy and experimental/computational effort when using topography-derived parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Modified a Richards equation-based model to incorporate unsaturated spreading.
  • Determined model parameters by fitting the model to one-dimensional spreading experiments of silicone oil on a paint coating.
  • Employed spatial filtering of surface topography data at various wavelength increments (10-500 µm) to extract parameters.

Main Results:

  • The modified model accurately predicted liquid spreading dynamics for various initial droplet sizes.
  • Spatial filtering of irregular surface topography enabled reasonable estimation of permeability and capillary pressure.
  • Analytical estimates derived from filtered topography, though slightly less accurate, significantly reduced experimental and computational demands.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully adapted a model to predict hemiwicking on irregular surfaces.
  • Surface topography analysis, particularly with spatial filtering, provides an efficient method for estimating crucial liquid spreading parameters.
  • This approach offers a practical alternative for characterizing liquid-solid interactions on complex surfaces, balancing accuracy with reduced resource requirements.