Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.9K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.9K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.8K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.8K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

804
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
804
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

2.1K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
2.1K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.5K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.5K
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

14.9K
Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
14.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diffusion-induced instabilities promote cooperation in eco-evolutionary networks.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Ordinal pattern of brain electrical activity as a marker of stroke-induced alterations in motor imagery task.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Assessment of natural radioactivity and radiation dose distribution in the Western Ghats region of Karnataka, India.

Environmental monitoring and assessment·2026
Same author

Superextreme and transient dynamics in forced doubly clamped silicon flexural resonator.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Effects of insecticides and awareness on the dynamics of a delayed malaria model: A real-data calibration.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same author

Emergent dynamics in heterogeneous pulsatile swarmalators.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 28, 2025

In Vitro Reconstitution of Self-Organizing Protein Patterns on Supported Lipid Bilayers
08:10

In Vitro Reconstitution of Self-Organizing Protein Patterns on Supported Lipid Bilayers

Published on: July 28, 2018

12.4K

Amplitude-mediated spiral chimera pattern in a nonlinear reaction-diffusion system.

Srilena Kundu1, Paulsamy Muruganandam2, Dibakar Ghosh1

  • 1Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata-700108, India.

Physical Review. E
|July 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals diverse spatial patterns, including chimera states, in prey-predator reaction-diffusion systems. These patterns emerge from transitions between oscillatory and steady-state dynamics, offering insights into complex biological and chemical systems.

More Related Videos

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix
09:26

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix

Published on: June 12, 2015

8.7K
Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior
10:07

Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior

Published on: January 31, 2020

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 28, 2025

In Vitro Reconstitution of Self-Organizing Protein Patterns on Supported Lipid Bilayers
08:10

In Vitro Reconstitution of Self-Organizing Protein Patterns on Supported Lipid Bilayers

Published on: July 28, 2018

12.4K
Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix
09:26

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix

Published on: June 12, 2015

8.7K
Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior
10:07

Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior

Published on: January 31, 2020

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Complex Systems Dynamics
  • Reaction-Diffusion Systems
  • Pattern Formation

Background:

  • Reaction-diffusion systems generate complex spatial patterns relevant to chemical and biological processes.
  • Chimera states, characterized by coexisting coherent and incoherent dynamics, are a peculiar phenomenon in such systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate collective dynamical patterns in a 2D prey-predator reaction-diffusion system.
  • To explore the emergence and transitions of various spatial arrangements, including chimera states.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of a prey-predator model in a 2D diffusive environment.
  • Analysis of parameter space to identify distinct dynamical patterns.
  • Characterization of patterns using measures of incoherent subpopulations.

Main Results:

  • Observed four distinct spatial patterns: spiral waves, spiral chimeras, synchronized oscillations, and oscillation death.
  • Detected amplitude-mediated spiral chimeras beyond Turing and Hopf bifurcations.
  • Demonstrated transitions among patterns, with chimera states arising during oscillatory to steady-state transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Prey-predator reaction-diffusion systems exhibit rich pattern formation, including complex chimera states.
  • Diffusion coefficients play a crucial role in mediating transitions between different dynamical regimes.
  • Understanding these patterns is key to comprehending spatio-temporal organization in natural systems.