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Memory in three-dimensional cyclically driven granular material.

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Granular systems exhibit memory effects under cyclic compression. Simulations show that both particle translation and rotation store prior forcing history, with friction influencing translational memory but not rotational memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Granular systems are ubiquitous in nature and industry.
  • Understanding their response to cyclic loading is crucial for various applications.
  • Reversibility and memory effects in granular matter remain key research areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate reversibility and memory effects in dense granular systems under cyclic compression.
  • To compare experimental findings with numerical simulations.
  • To elucidate the role of interparticle friction on memory phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental studies of granular systems under cyclic compression.
  • Quasistatic forcing of dense granular systems.
  • Soft-sphere numerical simulations incorporating stiffness and friction.
  • Analysis of translational and rotational displacements of grains.

Main Results:

  • Soft-sphere simulations accurately reproduced experimental translational and rotational grain displacements.
  • Granular systems demonstrate the capacity to store the history of previous compressions.
  • Both translational and rotational displacements encode memory, but with distinct behaviors.
  • Translational memory is dependent on the coefficient of static interparticle friction.
  • Rotational memory is independent of the interparticle friction level.

Conclusions:

  • Numerical simulations are effective tools for studying granular system dynamics.
  • Granular matter possesses a history-dependent response to cyclic loading.
  • Friction plays a differential role in translational versus rotational memory effects in granular systems.