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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Author Spotlight: Development of Simplified CRISPR-Based Tests for Rapid Detection of Infectious Diseases
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Author Spotlight: Development of Simplified CRISPR-Based Tests for Rapid Detection of Infectious Diseases

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CRISPR-based diagnostics.

Michael M Kaminski1,2, Omar O Abudayyeh3,4, Jonathan S Gootenberg3,4

  • 1Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.

Nature Biomedical Engineering
|July 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) diagnostics offer sensitive and specific disease detection. These advanced nucleic acid-based tests enable accurate, accessible testing at home, the point of care, and in the field.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Accurate disease diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and public health surveillance.
  • Nucleic acid detection assays offer high sensitivity and specificity but often require specialized equipment and expertise.
  • Point-of-care diagnostics are needed for rapid, accessible testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expanding range of CRISPR-based diagnostic tools.
  • To detail various CRISPR diagnostic assays, preamplification methods, and detection readouts.
  • To highlight applications of CRISPR diagnostics in sensing molecular targets for human health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in CRISPR diagnostic technologies.
  • Analysis of different CRISPR-based assay formats and their performance.
  • Examination of preamplification strategies to enhance sensitivity.
  • Evaluation of various readout mechanisms for CRISPR diagnostics.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR technology provides a versatile platform for molecular diagnostics.
  • Numerous CRISPR-based assays (e.g., SHERLOCK, DETECTR) have been developed.
  • Preamplification strategies significantly improve detection limits.
  • CRISPR diagnostics demonstrate broad applicability for detecting various health-related molecular targets.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-based diagnostics represent a significant advancement in accessible molecular testing.
  • These technologies have the potential to revolutionize disease diagnosis in diverse settings.
  • Further development promises to expand the utility of CRISPR diagnostics for global health challenges.