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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.2K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.9K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.9K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.2K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.2K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

3.4K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Developing Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Block Copolymers: Methods, Properties, and Applications.

Mark Robertson1, Qingya Zhou2, Changhuai Ye2

  • 1School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|July 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly offers nanostructure control. This review details methods for aligning BCP nanodomains, crucial for applications like energy storage and microelectronics.

Keywords:
alignmentanisotropic copolymersnanostructuresnanotechnologypatterning

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly is a key bottom-up approach for creating nanostructures.
  • Existing methods often lack control over nanodomain orientation, limiting practical applications.
  • Aligned nanodomains are essential for advanced materials in energy, electronics, and separations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in developing anisotropy in block copolymer systems.
  • To highlight established techniques for aligning BCP nanodomains.
  • To discuss the significance of nanostructure alignment and its applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established aligning techniques for BCPs.
  • Analysis of resultant material properties and anisotropic characteristics.
  • Examination of promising applications enabled by aligned BCPs.

Main Results:

  • Various methods exist for ordering BCP nanodomains, but few offer generic orientation control.
  • Nanostructural alignment is critical for enhancing performance in energy storage, microelectronics, and membranes.
  • The review synthesizes research on techniques, properties, and applications of aligned BCPs.

Conclusions:

  • Aligned block copolymers offer significant potential for nanotechnological applications.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in implementing aligned BCPs practically.
  • Exciting opportunities exist for developing advanced materials through controlled BCP self-assembly.