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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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Pathogenesis of Microscopic Colitis: A Systematic Review.

Yamile Zabana1,2, Gian Tontini3, Elisabeth Hultgren-Hörnquist4

  • 1Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Crohn'S & Colitis
|July 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Microscopic colitis (MC) is a multifactorial disease involving immune responses, genetics, and autoimmunity. Further high-quality research is needed to fully understand its causes and mechanisms of diarrhea.

Keywords:
Microscopic colitisadaptive immunityaetiologyautoimmunitycollagenous colitisdiarrhoea mechanismextracellular matrix remodellinggenetic risk factorsinnate immunityintestinal luminal factorslymphocytic colitispathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • The exact cause of microscopic colitis (MC) is unknown.
  • A dysregulated immune response to luminal factors or medications is the leading hypothesis for MC pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the pathogenesis of microscopic colitis (MC).
  • To explore factors including intestinal luminal factors, autoimmunity, innate and adaptive immunity, extracellular matrix, genetic risk factors, and mechanisms of diarrhea in MC.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review applying Joanna Briggs Institute methodologies and PRISMA statement.
  • Search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to February 2020.
  • Narrative synthesis of findings related to MC aetiopathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Evidence was found for all explored aspects of MC pathogenesis.
  • MC is considered a multifactorial disease involving immune responses, genetic predisposition, autoimmunity, and extracellular matrix alterations.
  • These factors contribute to watery diarrhea through various mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first systematic review on MC etiology, supporting its multifactorial nature.
  • The current evidence base for MC pathogenesis is limited by a lack of high-profile studies and the heterogeneity of existing research.