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Updated: Oct 28, 2025

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A pre-existing self-referential anchor is not necessary for self-prioritisation.

Naomi A Lee1, Douglas Martin1, Jie Sui1

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.

Acta Psychologica
|July 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The self-prioritisation effect (SPE) is genuine and not dependent on familiar labels. This cognitive bias emerges when complete self-related stimuli are processed, not just individual elements.

Keywords:
Conjunction modelIntegrative selfPerceptual matchingSelfSelf-prioritisation effect

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Cognition
  • Perception

Background:

  • The self-prioritisation effect (SPE) demonstrates faster, more accurate responses to self-related stimuli in perceptual matching tasks.
  • Existing theories debate whether the SPE stems from the self as an integrative hub or from pre-existing self-referential labels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genuine origin of the self-prioritisation effect.
  • To determine if the SPE is critically dependent on familiar, self-referential labels.

Main Methods:

  • An adapted perceptual matching task was employed.
  • Participants associated arbitrary shape-color stimuli with different individuals.
  • A color-shape matching task was conducted immediately after stimulus association.

Main Results:

  • The standard self-prioritisation effect was observed even without familiar labels.
  • The SPE was contingent on the presentation of complete shape-color pairings, not individual elements.
  • This suggests the effect is not critically dependent on pre-existing labels.

Conclusions:

  • The self-prioritisation effect is a genuine cognitive phenomenon.
  • The SPE is not critically dependent on familiar labels, challenging existing theories.
  • The effect relies on the integrated processing of self-related stimuli.