Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Assessment of the Metabolic Profile of Primary Leukemia Cells
06:21

Assessment of the Metabolic Profile of Primary Leukemia Cells

Published on: November 21, 2018

10.7K

[Gender blindness in medical textbooks: the case of leukemias]

Carolina Rodríguez-Soza1, María Teresa Ruiz-Cantero2

  • 1Grupo de Investigación de Salud Pública, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España.

Gaceta Sanitaria
|July 18, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Hematology textbooks inadequately address sex differences in leukemia, particularly in etiology and treatment. Future editions should incorporate this crucial information for improved patient care and equitable practices.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Sex and gender significantly influence disease presentation and outcomes.
  • Existing scientific literature highlights sex-based differences in leukemia.
  • Current medical education may not fully reflect these disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate sex-difference content in leukemia chapters of recommended hematology textbooks.
  • To compare textbook information with established scientific literature on sex differences in leukemia.

Main Methods:

  • Content analysis of leukemia chapters in medical textbooks.
  • Categorization of content by epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Textbooks partially address sex differences in leukemia incidence and prognosis but lack mortality data.
  • Etiopathogenesis and symptom presentation are described as sex-independent.
  • Treatment information is generalized, with limited mention of sex-specific considerations (e.g., pregnancy).
  • No discussion of sex differences in pharmacokinetics, efficacy, or toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Leukemia textbook content on sex and gender differences is insufficient compared to current scientific evidence.
  • Enhancing textbook content with sex-gender interactions is vital for improving medical practice and equity.
  • Future editions should integrate sex-gender knowledge across all aspects of leukemia.
Abstract

Keywords:
BiasesDiferencias según sexoEducación médicaGenderGéneroLeucemiaLeukemiaMedical educationSesgosSex-differences

More Related Videos

Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation12:05

Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation

Published on: November 3, 2018

11.9K
Engineering Oncogenic Heterozygous Gain-of-Function Mutations in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells12:04

Engineering Oncogenic Heterozygous Gain-of-Function Mutations in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Published on: March 10, 2023

4.2K

Related Concept Videos

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
7.2K
X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
56.0K
Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
1.3K
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
104.1K
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
9.0K
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
591