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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Published on: March 26, 2019

Vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with severity in multiple sclerosis.

Kensuke Senzaki¹, Yoko Okada¹, Hirofumi Ochi¹

¹Department of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, Japan.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

|July 18, 2021

Summary

Endothelial dysfunction, not cerebrovascular reactivity, is notably impaired in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and correlates with disease severity. This suggests endothelial health is crucial for managing MS progression.

Keywords:

Atherosclerosis Cerebrovascular reactivity Endothelial function Multiple sclerosis Physical disability Ultrasound

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A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

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Last Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

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Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

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Published on: October 22, 2014

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

Published on: February 7, 2015

Area of Science:

Neurology
Vascular Biology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with impaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR).
Chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are potential underlying mechanisms for hemodynamic impairment in MS.
Functional sonographic procedures can assess CVR and endothelial function.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate CVR and endothelial function in MS patients.
To explore the relationship between CVR, endothelial function, and MS disease progression.

Main Methods:

Assessed endothelial function using flow-mediated dilation (FMD).
Measured CVR with the breath-holding index (BHI).
Included 27 MS patients and 24 age-/sex-matched healthy controls.

Main Results:

MS patients exhibited significantly lower FMD compared to controls (p = 0.006).
CVR (BHI) was lower in MS patients but not significantly.
Lower FMD was observed in secondary progressive MS versus relapse-remitting MS (p = 0.045).
FMD inversely correlated with disability scores (EDSS and mRS).

Conclusions:

Endothelial dysfunction is more pronounced than CVR impairment in MS.
Endothelial dysfunction correlates with MS severity and progression.
FMD is a potential biomarker for MS progression.