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Updated: Oct 28, 2025

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
Published on: February 7, 2021
Injectable Supramolecular Hydrogel for Locoregional Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Enhanced Cancer
Mengting Liu1, Ziyang Cao1, Runlin Zhang2
1School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China.
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the therapeutic modalities of cancer treatment but is severely limited by a low objective response rate and the risk of immune-related side effects. Herein, an injectable supramolecular hydrogel is developed for local delivery of the DPPA-1 peptide (a d-peptide antagonist with a high binding affinity to programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) and doxorubicin (DOX). On the one hand, DOX could kill tumor cells directly and also induce immunogenic cell death to provoke the antitumor immune response. On the other hand, the DPPA-1 peptide could locoregionally block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to potentiate T-cell-mediated immune responses and minimize side effects. Eventually, by local injection of this supramolecular hydrogel, the synergistic cancer therapeutic effect was evaluated, showing promise in improving the objective response rate of immunotherapy and minimizing its systemic side effects.
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the therapeutic modalities of cancer treatment but is severely limited by a low objective response rate and the risk of immune-related side effects. Herein, an injectable supramolecular hydrogel is developed for local delivery of the DPPA-1 peptide (a d-peptide antagonist with a high binding affinity to programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) and doxorubicin (DOX). On the one hand, DOX could kill tumor cells directly and also induce immunogenic cell death to provoke the antitumor immune response. On the other hand, the DPPA-1 peptide could locoregionally block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to potentiate T-cell-mediated immune responses and minimize side effects. Eventually, by local injection of this supramolecular hydrogel, the synergistic cancer therapeutic effect was evaluated, showing promise in improving the objective response rate of immunotherapy and minimizing its systemic side effects.

