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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures
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Mechanics of developmental migration.

Deannah G Blackley1, Jack H Cooper1, Paulina Pokorska1

  • 1Warwick Medical School and Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|July 19, 2021
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Cell migration is crucial for animal development and disease. This review explores the physical forces driving embryonic cell migration in vivo, focusing on protrusion and translocation within complex 3D environments.

Keywords:
Cell migrationCollective migrationEMTForce generationTissue mechanics

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cell migration is vital for development, homeostasis, and disease.
  • Cells respond to biochemical and mechanical cues by altering signaling and force generation.
  • While chemical cues are well-understood, the role of physical forces in cell migration, especially in vivo, is an evolving area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on the physical basis of embryonic cell migration in vivo.
  • To elucidate the mechanical principles underlying cell migration in developing organisms.
  • To examine how classical cell migration steps function within the complex 3D embryonic environment.

Main Methods:

  • Live imaging of developing embryos.
  • Experimental and theoretical tools for quantifying and analyzing forces in vivo.
  • Focus on recent research uncovering the physical basis of migration.

Main Results:

  • Advances in live imaging and force analysis are revealing the mechanics of embryonic cell migration.
  • Understanding of forces in cell migration is rapidly evolving, particularly in vivo.
  • The physical basis of protrusion formation and cell body translocation in embryonic development is being uncovered.

Conclusions:

  • Physical forces play a critical role in driving embryonic cell migration in vivo.
  • The complex 3D microenvironment of developing organisms presents unique challenges and mechanisms for cell migration.
  • Further research integrating live imaging and biophysical analysis is key to understanding in vivo cell migration.