Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 28, 2025
09:13
In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
Published on: April 30, 2014
12.5K
Local Translation in Nervous System Pathologies
María Gamarra1,2, Aida de la Cruz1,2, Maite Blanco-Urrejola1,2,3
1Laboratory of Local Translation in Neurons and Glia, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
|July 19, 2021
Summary
Local translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) in neuronal processes is crucial for nervous system (NS) function. Deregulation of this process contributes to neurodegenerative diseases.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Neuronal function relies on asymmetric protein distribution achieved through mRNA transport and local translation.
- Local translation in neuronal processes is vital for nervous system development and maintenance.
- Emerging evidence links local translation deregulation to neurodegenerative diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of localized mRNA translation in nervous system pathologies.
- To discuss how disruptions in local protein synthesis contribute to disease progression.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on local translation, mRNA transport, and RNA binding proteins (RBPs).
- Analysis of the impact of RBP mutations and altered mRNA repertoires in neurological disorders.
Main Results:
- Local translation allows for rapid, site-specific protein synthesis in dendrites and axons.
- Dysfunctional mRNA localization and local translation, often due to RBP mutations, are implicated in diseases like ALS and SMA.
- Altered local mRNA content and protein synthesis contribute to nervous system pathologies.
Conclusions:
- Deregulation of localized translation at multiple levels is a significant factor in the development and progression of nervous system diseases.
- Understanding these mechanisms offers potential therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration.
Keywords:
RNA binding proteinsRNA localizationlocal translationmRNA transportnervous system pathologiesMore Related Videos
11:24Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization
Published on: June 17, 2015
11.9K
10:45Anatomically Inspired Three-dimensional Micro-tissue Engineered Neural Networks for Nervous System Reconstruction, Modulation, and Modeling
Published on: May 31, 2017
13.3K
Related Concept Videos
01:37Neural Regulation
40.6K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
40.6K
01:28Disorders of the Nervous Tissue
2.0K
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
2.0K
01:31Translation
16.5K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
16.5K
01:31Translation
149.4K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
149.4K
01:15Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue
1.2K
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
1.2K
01:29Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters
11.6K
When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
11.6K