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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Memory B Cells in Pregnancy Sensitization.

Anoma Nellore1, John T Killian2, Paige M Porrett2

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 19, 2021
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Memory B cells are crucial for immunity and can be altered during pregnancy and transplantation. This review explores their role in sensitization and impact on transplant outcomes.

Keywords:
HLAantibodymemory B cellpregnancysensitization

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Immunology
  • Reproductive Immunology

Background:

  • Memory B cells are vital for adaptive immunity, providing rapid antibody responses upon re-exposure to pathogens.
  • These memory B cells also emerge during human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-sensitization, a process relevant in pregnancy and organ transplantation.
  • Understanding memory B cell dynamics is critical for managing conditions related to immune sensitization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of memory B cells in pregnancy-related HLA-sensitization.
  • To examine the impact of memory B cells on transplant candidacy and outcomes.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on memory B cell generation, maintenance, and function in these contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on memory B cells.
  • Analysis of B cell subset alterations during pregnancy.
  • Examination of HLA-specific B cell responses and fetal antigen exposure.
  • Review of molecular mechanisms for memory B cell development, including T follicular helper cell roles.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence for memory B cell development in pregnancy.
  • Evaluation of memory B cell influence on transplantation.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy alters B cell subsets and can induce HLA-specific B cell responses.
  • Mechanisms governing memory B cell generation during infection, involving T follicular helper cells, are relevant to pregnancy.
  • Evidence suggests memory B cells develop during pregnancy, potentially contributing to sensitization.
  • Memory B cells significantly influence patient eligibility and success rates in transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Memory B cells play a dual role in pregnancy, potentially contributing to sensitization while also being a factor in transplant outcomes.
  • Further research into memory B cell dynamics during pregnancy is needed to understand their full impact on maternal and fetal health.
  • Targeting or understanding memory B cell responses could improve management of transplant recipients and those sensitized during pregnancy.