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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

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In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
11.6K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

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14.1K
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
14.1K
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

6.7K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
6.7K
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

1.2K
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
1.2K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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3.6K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Directing transition metal-based oxygen-functionalization catalysis.

Gracita M Tomboc1, Yeji Park1, Kwangyeol Lee1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea kylee1@korea.ac.kr kysjin@korea.ac.kr.

Chemical Science
|July 19, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights advances in oxygen functionalization, comparing conventional organic synthesis with greener electrochemical methods. Electrochemical synthesis offers an eco-friendly alternative by replacing hazardous oxidizers with electricity.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional organic synthesis methods for oxygen functionalization have limitations.
  • Electrochemical methods offer a greener alternative by avoiding harmful oxidizers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in oxygen functionalization reactions.
  • To compare conventional and electrochemical synthesis approaches.
  • To highlight the potential of electrochemistry in organic synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of non-electrochemical (conventional organic synthesis) methods.
  • Analysis of electrochemical methods for oxygen functionalization.
  • Discussion of recent electrochemical systems and catalyst designs.

Main Results:

  • Conventional methods allow synthesis of a broader range of organic substances.
  • Electrochemical methods are limited by poor selectivity and high energy cost.
  • Electrochemical methods offer a greener alternative by using external voltage instead of terminal oxidizers.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical oxygen functionalization is an emerging eco-friendly field.
  • Further development of electrochemical systems and catalysts is crucial.
  • Electrochemistry holds significant potential for transforming organic substrates.