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Psychiatric Comorbidities in Pediatric Inpatients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Impact on Hospital
Caroline C Dias1, Victoria Ayala2, Fartun A Aliduux3
1Psychiatry, Yenepoya Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore, IND.
Cureus
|July 19, 2021
Summary
Pediatric inpatients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have higher risks of depression and psychosis. These children also experience longer hospital stays, increasing healthcare costs.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Mental Health
Background:
- Pediatric psychiatric comorbidities are a significant concern.
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can impact mental health in children.
- Understanding these associations is crucial for effective healthcare management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify psychiatric comorbidities in pediatric inpatients with and without HIV.
- To assess the impact of HIV on the length of hospital stay (LOS) and treatment costs.
- To compare the prevalence of specific psychiatric conditions between HIV-positive and HIV-negative pediatric patients.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.
- Inclusion of 4,920 pediatric inpatients aged 6-18, matched for demographics.
- Logistic regression and independent sample t-tests to analyze psychiatric comorbidities, LOS, and costs.
Main Results:
- HIV-positive children showed higher rates of anxiety (6.9%), drug abuse (6.6%), psychosis (6.4%), and depression (6.2%).
- Significantly increased odds of psychosis (aOR: 1.82) and depression (aOR: 1.79) were observed in HIV-positive patients.
- Mean LOS was longer for HIV-positive inpatients (11.1 days vs. 6.0 days).
Conclusions:
- HIV-positive pediatric patients face a substantially higher risk of depression and psychosis.
- Hospitalization for HIV-positive children is prolonged, contributing to increased healthcare expenditures.
- This highlights the need for integrated mental health support in pediatric HIV care.
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