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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

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Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies
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Gold Leaching from an Oxide Ore Using Thiocyanate as a Lixiviant: Process Optimization and Kinetics.

Atefeh Azizitorghabeh1, Harshit Mahandra1, Juliana Ramsay2

  • 1Hydrometallurgy and Environment Laboratory, Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining, Queen's University, 25 Union Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.

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Summary

Thiocyanate (SCN-) offers a less toxic alternative for gold extraction. This study optimized thiocyanate leaching parameters, achieving 96% gold recovery from oxide ore.

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Area of Science:

  • * Extractive Metallurgy
  • * Chemical Engineering
  • * Environmental Science

Background:

  • * Cyanide leaching poses significant environmental and health risks.
  • * Thiocyanate (SCN-) presents a less toxic alternative for gold extraction.
  • * Optimization of thiocyanate leaching parameters is crucial for industrial application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To optimize gold recovery from oxide ore using thiocyanate leaching.
  • * To investigate the influence of thiocyanate concentration, Fe3+ concentration, and pulp density.
  • * To determine the optimal leaching conditions and kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • * Response surface methodology was employed to optimize leaching parameters.
  • * Key parameters investigated: initial thiocyanate concentration (10-500 mM), initial Fe3+ concentration (10-500 mM), and pulp density (10-50% w/v).
  • * Kinetic study under optimum conditions to identify the rate-controlling mechanism.

Main Results:

  • * Maximum gold recovery of 96% was achieved under specific conditions: 500 mM thiocyanate, 100 mM Fe3+, and 50% pulp density.
  • * Optimal conditions were maintained at 25 °C and pH 2 for 24 hours.
  • * Kinetic analysis indicated the shrinking core model, with diffusion as the rate-limiting step.

Conclusions:

  • * Thiocyanate leaching is a viable and effective method for gold extraction from oxide ores.
  • * Optimized conditions significantly enhance gold recovery efficiency.
  • * The study provides valuable insights for developing safer and more sustainable gold extraction processes.