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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Inducing Targeted Mild Hyperthermia in Murine Tumor Models through Photothermal Conversion of Near-infrared Light by Intratumoral Gold Nanorods
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Near-Infrared-Light Remote-Controlled Activation of Cancer Immunotherapy Using Photothermal Conjugated Polymer

Xuancheng Fu1,2, Yiming Huang1, Hao Zhao1

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 19, 2021
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Summary

This study introduces a novel optogenetic system using conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) to remotely control cancer immunotherapy. Near-infrared laser activates CPNs to trigger interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene expression, enhancing anti-cancer immune responses.

Keywords:
cancer immunotherapyconjugated polymers nanoparticlesoptogeneticsremote-controlled activation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Remote control of cancer immunotherapy is crucial for enhancing efficacy and minimizing side effects.
  • Optogenetic systems offer precise spatiotemporal control over biological processes.
  • Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a key cytokine in activating anti-tumor immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs)-mediated optogenetic system for remote activation of cancer immunotherapy.
  • To investigate the use of near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation for in situ immunotherapy activation.
  • To establish a heat-inducible gene expression system for therapeutic cytokine production.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of photothermal conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs).
  • Development of an interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plasmid driven by a heat shock promoter (HSP70).
  • In situ activation of the system using near-infrared laser irradiation to induce CPNs' photothermal effect and subsequent gene transcription.

Main Results:

  • CPNs effectively converted near-infrared laser energy into heat, triggering the HSP70 promoter.
  • The system successfully induced the transcription and secretion of IFN-γ from cancer cells.
  • Secreted IFN-γ activated tumor-associated macrophages via the IFN-γ-JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway, leading to cancer cell killing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CPNs-mediated optogenetic system enables remote, laser-controlled activation of cancer immunotherapy.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for localized and tunable therapeutic cytokine delivery.
  • The system demonstrates potential for precise control over cancer immunotherapy, improving treatment outcomes.